Process Tracing

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Beach, Derek, and Rasmus Brun Pederson. 2012. Process Tracing Methods: Foundations and Guidelines. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Bennett, Andrew. 2010. “Process Tracing and Causal Inference.” In Rethinking Social Inquiry: Diverse Tools, Shared Standards, edited by Henry Brady and David Collier, 2nd edition. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
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Dessler, David. 1991. “Beyond Correlations: Toward a Causal Theory of War.” International Studies Quarterly 35: 337–55.
Earman, John. 1992. Bayes or Bust: A Critical Examination of Bayesian Confirmation Theory. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Elster, Jon. 1998. “A Plea for Mechanisms.” In Social Mechanisms: An Analytical Approach to Social Theory, edited by Peter Hedström and Richard Swedberg. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Falleti, Tulia G., and Julia F. Lynch. 2009. “Context and Causal Mechanisms in Political Analysis.” Comparative Political Studies 42: 1143–66. http://doi.org/10.1177/0010414009331724.
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Gerring, John. 2007. “Review Article: The Mechanismic Worldview – Thinking Inside the Box.” British Journal of Political Science 38: 161–79. http://doi.org/10.1017/S0000000000000000.
Gerring, John. 2010. “Causal Mechanisms: Yes, But….” Comparative Political Studies 43: 1499–1526. http://doi.org/10.1177/0010414010376911.
Gerring, John. 2007. Case Study Research: Principles and Practices. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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Goertz, Gary, James Mahoney, and David Waldner. 2010. “Symposium: Causal Mechanisms, Process Tracing, and Causal Inference.” Qualitative and Multi-Method Research: Newsletter of the American Political Science Association Organized Section on Qualitative and Multi-Method Research 8: 24–34.
Hedström, Peter, and Petri Ylikoski. 2010. “Causal Mechanisms in the Social Sciences.” Annual Review of Sociology 36: 49–67. http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.012809.102632.
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Holland, Paul W. 1988. “Comment: Causal Mechanism or Causal Effect: Which Is Best for Statistical Science?” Statistical Science 3: 186–88. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2245564.
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Imai, Kosuke, Luke Keele, and Dustin Tingley. 2010. “A General Approach to Causal Mediation Analysis.” Psychological Methods 15: 309–34. http://doi.org/10.1037/a0020761.
Imai, Kosuke, Dustin Tingley, and Teppei Yamamoto. 2009. “Experimental Identification of Causal Mechanisms.” http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1449152.
Imai, Kosuke, Luke Keele, Dustin Tingley, and Teppei Yamamoto. 2011. “Unpacking the Black Box of Causality: Learning about Causal Mechanisms from Experimental and Observational Studies.” American Political Science Review 105 (4): 765–89. http://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055411000414.
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Mayntz, Renate. 2004. “Mechanisms in the Analysis of Macro-Social Phenomena.” Philosophy of the Social Sciences 34: 237–59. http://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/44259.
McAdam, Doug, Sidney Tarrow, and Charles Tilly. 2008. “Methods for Measuring Mechanisms of Contention.” Qualitative Sociology 31: 307–31. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11133-008-9100-6.
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Norkus, Zenonas. 2005. “Mechanisms as Miracle Makers? The Rise and Inconsistencies of the ‘Mechanismic Approach’ in Social Science and History.” History and Theory 44: 348–72. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2303.2005.00329.x.
Pouliot, Vincent. 2007. “’Sobjectivism’: Toward a Constructivist Methodology.” International Studies Quarterly 51: 359–84. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2007.00455.x.
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Salmon, Wesley. 1990. Four Decades of Scientific Explanation. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Salmon, Wesley C. 1984. Scientific Explanation and the Causal Structure of the World. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
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Steel, Daniel. 2004. “Social Mechanisms and Causal Inference.” Philosophy of the Social Sciences 34: 55–78. http://doi.org/10.1177/0048393103260775.
Steinberg, Paul F. 2007. “Causal Assessment in Small-N Policy Studies.” Policy Studies Journal 35: 181–204. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.2007.00215.x.
Stinchcombe, Arthur L. 1991. “The Conditions of Fruitfulness of Theorizing about Mechanisms in Social Science.” Philosophy of the Social Sciences 21: 367–88. http://doi.org/10.1177/004839319102100305.
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